DBD/DHF

DBD...jenis demam yang jadi momok terutama untuk yang punya balita.

well, sebenarnya apa dan bagaimana menghadapinya??
dan apa bedanya antara Demam Dengue,DBD dan Dengue shock syndrom??

merasa perlu untuk kumpulin info mengingat juga di komplek rumah udah beberapa kali ada yang kena.
trus ingat pengalaman andinnya dara jadi penasaran ama DBD ini.
dengan info ini minimal tau gimana penanganannya supaya ga panik.

dari belajar di milis sehat ditambah hasil brosing2 dr web who, cdc,dan mayo terkumpullah info2nya,
paling enak baca dari mayo, bahasanya mudah dicerna, ga medis x..hehe..
semoga berguna ya..maaf ga sempat terjemahin.silahkan gunakan kamus atau web terjemahannya google.

Memang males bacanya kepanjangan. tapi daripada cuma fesbukan doank ga ada guna atau cuci mata di ol shop aja, kenapa ga sesekali baca hal2 penting kaya gini.

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1. dari mayoclinic

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/dengue-fever/DS01028

- Definition

Dengue (DENG-gay) fever is a disease — ranging from mild to severe — caused by four related viruses spread by a particular species of mosquito. Mild dengue fever causes high fever, rash, and muscle and joint pain. More-severe forms of the disease — dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome — can additionally cause severe bleeding, a sudden drop in blood pressure (shock) and death.

No specific treatment for dengue fever exists, and most people recover. But if you have a severe form of the disease, you need hospital care.

Millions of cases of dengue infection occur worldwide each year. Most often, dengue fever occurs in urban areas of tropical and subtropical regions. A few cases have been reported in the United States — particularly in Texas, along the border with Mexico, and in Hawaii.

- Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of dengue fever vary, depending on the form and severity of the disease.

Dengue fever
With the mild form of the disease, you may experience some or all of these signs and symptoms:

High fever, up to 105 F (40.6 C)
A rash over most of your body, which may subside after a couple of days and then reappear
Severe headache, backache or both
Pain behind your eyes
Severe joint and muscle pain
Nausea and vomiting
Sign and symptoms usually begin about four to seven days after being bitten by a mosquito carrying a dengue virus. Mild dengue fever rarely causes death, and your symptoms will usually subside within a week after starting.

Dengue hemorrhagic fever
More-severe forms of the disease usually begin the same way as the mild form (dengue fever) then become worse after several days.

Dengue hemorrhagic fever — a more severe form of the disease than initial dengue fever — can cause signs and symptoms of dengue fever plus:

Significant damage to your blood and lymph vessels
A decrease in the number of blood cells that help your blood clot (platelets)
Bleeding from the nose and mouth
Bleeding under the skin, which gives the appearance of bruising
Death
Dengue shock syndrome — Dengue shock syndrome — the most severe form of the disease — may cause signs and symptoms of mild dengue fever plus:

Severe abdominal pain
Frequent vomiting
Disorientation
Fluid (plasma) leakage from blood vessels
Heavy bleeding
A sudden drop in blood pressure (shock)
Death
Severe signs and symptoms may appear after your fever has improved. In a small number of cases, people with a severe form of the disease die of it. Modern supportive hospital care decreases this risk.

When to see a doctor
If you have any signs or symptoms of dengue fever, see your doctor. If you've recently traveled to a region in which the disease is known to occur, be sure to inform your doctor.

- Treatments and drugs

No specific treatment for dengue fever exists.

For a mild form of the disease, your doctor may recommend:

1. DRINGKING PLENTY OF FLUIDS TO AVOID DEHYDRATION FROM VOMITTING AND HIGH FEVER.

2. Taking acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) to alleviate pain and reduce fever. Don't take aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve, others). These can increase the risk of bleeding complications.
For a more severe form of the disease, treatment consists of:

3. Supportive care in a hospital
Intravenous (IV) fluid and electrolyte replacement
Blood pressure monitoring
Transfusion to replace blood loss
If you have any form of dengue fever, you may also be kept away from mosquitoes, to avoid transmitting the disease to others

untuk treatment #1 sengaja di tegasin, karna sebenarnya untuk menjaga supaya demam dengue tidak menjadi DBD adalah dengan menjaga asupan cairan.
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ada lagi dapat dari WHO.
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/index.html

Dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever


- Key facts

Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection that causes a severe flu-like illness, and sometimes a potentially lethal complication called dengue haemorrhagic fever.
Global incidence of dengue has grown dramatically in recent decades.
About two fifths of the world's population are now at risk.
Dengue is found in tropical and sub-tropical climates worldwide, mostly in urban and semi-urban areas.
Dengue haemorrhagic fever is a leading cause of serious illness and death among children in some Asian countries.
There is no specific treatment for dengue, but appropriate medical care frequently saves the lives of patients with the more serious dengue haemorrhagic fever.
The only way to prevent dengue virus transmission is to combat the disease-carrying mosquitoes.


Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection that in recent decades has become a major international public health concern. Dengue is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions around the world, predominantly in urban and semi-urban areas.

Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), a potentially lethal complication, was first recognized in the 1950s during dengue epidemics in the Philippines and Thailand. Today DHF affects most Asian countries and has become a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children in the region.

There are four distinct, but closely related, VIRUSES THAT CAUSES DENGUE (UDAH PASTI GA BUTUH ANTIBIOTIK UNTUK TREATMENTNYA). Recovery from infection by one provides lifelong immunity against that virus but confers only partial and transient protection against subsequent infection by the other three viruses. There is good evidence that sequential infection increases the risk of developing DHF.

- Characteristics

Dengue fever is a severe, flu-like illness that affects infants, young children and adults, but seldom causes death.

The clinical features of dengue fever vary according to the age of the patient. Infants and young children may have a fever with rash. Older children and adults may have either a mild fever or the classical incapacitating disease with abrupt onset and high fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pains, and rash.

Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a potentially deadly complication that is characterized by high fever, often with enlargement of the liver, and in severe cases circulatory failure. The illness often begins with a sudden rise in temperature accompanied by facial flush and other flu-like symptoms. The fever usually continues for two to seven days and can be as high as 41°C, possibly with convulsions and other complications.

In moderate DHF cases, all signs and symptoms abate after the fever subsides. In severe cases, the patient's condition may suddenly deteriorate after a few days of fever; the temperature drops, followed by signs of circulatory failure, and the patient may rapidly go into a critical state of shock and die within 12 to 24 hours, or quickly recover following appropriate medical treatment (see below).

- Treatment
There is no specific treatment for dengue fever.

For DHF, medical care by physicians and nurses experienced with the effects and progression of the complicating haemorrhagic fever can frequently save lives - decreasing mortality rates from more than 20% to less than 1%. MAINTENENCE OF THE PATIENTSMaintenance of the patient's circulating fluid volume is the central feature of DHF care.

- Immunization

There is no vaccine to protect against dengue. Although progress is underway, developing a vaccine against the disease - in either its mild or severe form - is challenging.

With four closely related viruses that can cause the disease, the vaccine must immunize against all four types to be effective.
There is limited understanding of how the disease typically behaves and how the virus interacts with the immune system.
There is a lack of laboratory animal models available to test immune responses to potential vaccines.
Despite these challenges, two vaccine candidates have advanced to evaluation in human subjects in countries with endemic disease, and several potential vaccines are in earlier stages of development. WHO provides technical advice and guidance to countries and private partners to support vaccine research and evaluation.
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yang paling penting, kenali klinis anaknya. ga selalu demam disebabkan karna demam dengue. ketika anak demam, cek apa ada penyebabnya, misal: batuk pilek atau diare. kalo ada penyebabnya treatmentnya sesuai gejala. ga perlu panik buru2 cek darah. cek darah untuk DBD akan akurat setelah demam lebih dari 72 jam tanpa gejala.
kalopun ada demam tanpa gejala better cek urine rutin dulu untuk menyingkirkan kemungkinan ISK (infeksi saluran kemih).

anyway, apapun penyebabnya, ketika demam yang paling dibutuhkan adalah CAIRAN CAIRAN CAIRAN. bisa dr ASI, susu, jus buah, sup2, air putih,dsb.
satu lagi NO PANIC (reminding buat diri sendiri neh!!)

kalo ada yang mau menambahkan silahkan.
kekurangan milik saya, kesempurnaan milik ALLAH SWT..:)